It is obtained by the expression, ηcu = Cu Wp × 100 Where, It is the ratio of the consumptive use of water to the amount of water depleted from the root zone. Ηu = Wu Wl × 100 Where, ηu = Water use efficiency Wu = Amount of water used Wl = Amount of water applied to land (d) Consumptive use Efficiency (ηcu): It is the ratio of the amount of water used to the amount of water applied. Additionally, employing technologies like remote sensing, precision agriculture, and water-efficient irrigation systems can further enhance water use efficiency. High water use efficiency is achieved by selecting appropriate crop varieties, optimizing irrigation scheduling, practicing efficient nutrient management, and adopting modern farming techniques. It is a measure of the productivity of water use in agriculture. Water use efficiency evaluates the amount of crop yield achieved per unit of water applied. Ηa = Wz Wl × 100 Where, ηa = Water application efficiency Wz = amount of water stored in root zone Wl = Amount of water applied to land (c) Water Use Efficiency (ηu): It is the ratio of the water stored in the root zone of plants to the water applied to the land. Techniques such as soil moisture monitoring, scheduling irrigation based on crop needs, and employing water-saving practices like mulching can enhance field application efficiency by minimizing water losses and ensuring efficient water uptake by plants. It considers losses from deep percolation, runoff, and non-beneficial evaporation. Ηc = Wl Wr × 100 Where, ηc = Water conveyance efficiency Wl = Amount of water applied to land Wr = Amount of water supplied from reservoirįield application efficiency measures the proportion of water delivered to the field that is effectively utilized by the crops. It is the ratio of the amount of water applied, to the land to the amount of water supplied from the reservoir. Proper maintenance of conveyance structures, lining canals, and using efficient water conveyance methods (e.g., closed pipes instead of open channels) can significantly improve conveyance efficiency. It considers losses due to seepage, leakage, evaporation, and system inefficiencies. The following are the various types of irrigation efficiencies: (a) Water Conveyance Efficiency (ηc):Ĭonveyance efficiency focuses on minimizing losses during water transport from the source (such as reservoirs or canals) to the irrigation site. The ratio of the amount of water available (output) to the amount of water supplied (input) is known as Irrigation Efficiency. In this article, we will delve into various types of irrigation efficiency and their significance in optimizing water use in agricultural systems. Maximizing irrigation efficiency helps minimize water wastage, conserve resources, and improve crop productivity. Efficient irrigation practices are crucial for sustainable agriculture, particularly in regions where water resources are limited or subject to increased demand.
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